哈喽同学们~
今天讲一下实验文Summary怎么读、怎么删、怎么概括。
实验类文章本质是说明文里的“研究报告型”,和普通现象文相比,它有固定套路:
研究背景/问题 → 实验怎么做 → 关键结果 → 研究结论与启示
写概要时不用把实验步骤写得像说明书,核心抓:研究了什么、怎么开展的、发现了什么、得出什么结论,具体操作细节、重复数据都可以大胆删减。
因为同属说明文类,所以我们直接进行实例讲解。
一、实例原文(高中难度模拟题)
Read the following passage and write a summary of about 60 words.
① All plants need sunlight to grow, but scientists wonder whether different colours of light affect plant growth in different ways. To find out the answer, they carried out a controlled experiment.
② In the experiment, researchers took 18 young green plants of the same kind and divided them into three groups. Each group was placed under red, blue and white light separately. All other conditions, such as temperature and water, were kept the same for four weeks.
③ After four weeks, the plants under red light grew the tallest and healthiest. Those under blue light grew well too, while the plants under white light showed the slowest growth.
④ The study suggests that red light is more helpful for plant growth. The findings may give useful advice to farmers who grow vegetables in greenhouses.
二、做题四步走(实验文专用)
Step 1:定核心
先找研究对象和研究问题:不同颜色的光是否影响植物生长。
Step 2:划段落,找主旨
第 1 段:提出问题,开展实验 第 2 段:实验设计(分组、变量、控制条件) 第 3 段:实验结果 第 4 段:研究结论和应用价值
Step 3:删细节,留主干
删掉“18 株、分三组、温度水分具体怎么控制”这类操作细节,只保留“设置不同光组、控制其他条件”这个核心设计。
Step 4:同义改写,用逻辑词串联
不能整句抄原文,换动词、换句式,客观陈述,不加自己的看法。
三、中文要点清单(写之前先列)
1. 科学家好奇不同颜色的光是否会影响植物生长,于是做了对照实验。
2. 实验把同种植物分成三组,分别置于红光、蓝光和白光下,其他条件保持一致。
3. 结果显示红光下植物长得最好,蓝光次之,白光下生长最慢。
4. 研究认为红光更利于植物生长,这对温室种植有参考价值。
四、同义替换储备(避免照抄)
carry out an experiment = conduct a study divide...into groups = separate...into groups be placed under = be exposed to keep the same = remain unchanged grow the tallest and healthiest = perform best show the slowest growth = grow most slowly suggest = indicate / show give useful advice to = be helpful for
五、参考范文(约 62 词)
To test whether different colours of light influence plant growth, scientists conducted a controlled experiment. They divided similar plants into three groups exposed to red, blue and white light, with other conditions kept unchanged. The results showed that red light produced the best growth, followed by blue light, while white light led to the slowest growth. The study indicates red light benefits plants and may guide greenhouse farming.
六、逐句精讲
第 1 句:To test whether different colours of light influence plant growth, scientists conducted a controlled experiment.
对应原文第 1 段。
作用:开门见山写清研究目的 + 研究动作。 技巧: 用不定式 To test... 直接把“好奇/想知道”压缩成“为了验证”,比逐句翻译更简洁; 把 carried out 换成 conducted,controlled experiment 点明是对照实验,抓准实验文的核心身份。
第 2 句:They divided similar plants into three groups exposed to red, blue and white light, with other conditions kept unchanged.
对应原文第 2 段。
作用:概括实验设计,不写多余数字和具体操作。 技巧: 用 with 复合结构一句话带过“控制其他变量”,不用展开写温度、浇水怎么操作; 把“same kind of plants”简化成 similar plants, “placed under”换成 exposed to,避免原句重复。
第 3 句:The results showed that red light produced the best growth, followed by blue light, while white light led to the slowest growth.
对应原文第 3 段。
作用:客观呈现核心实验结果,这是实验文不能丢的要点。 技巧: 用 followed by 表达排名顺序,用 while 形成对比,比逐条罗列更紧凑; 不重复“tallest、healthiest”的所有修饰,浓缩成 best growth,保留核心差异即可。
第 4 句:The study indicates red light benefits plants and may guide greenhouse farming.
对应原文第 4 段。
作用:写研究结论 + 实际意义,让概要逻辑完整。 技巧: 把“suggests、give useful advice to”分别换成 indicates、guide,保持客观语气; 不用额外加“我们应该多种红光”这类主观建议,只写研究本身的结论和启示。
七、实验文概要避坑清单
❌ 不要把实验步骤写成流水账,操作细节点到为止。 ❌ 不要堆砌所有数据,只保留能体现核心差异的结果。 ✅ 必须写清“研究问题—实验方法—结果—结论”这条主线。 ✅ 全程客观,不能出现 I think / in my opinion。 ✅ 结果和结论要对应,不能只写结果不写研究发现。

研报速递